Rotation Reduces Convective Mixing in Jupiter and Other Gas Giants

Recent measurements of Jupiter's gravitational moments by the Juno spacecraft and seismology Saturn's rings suggest that primordial composition gradients in deep interior these planets have persisted since their formation. One possible explanation is presence a double-diffusive staircase below planet's outer convection zone, which inhibits mixing across deeper layers. However, hydrodynamic simulations shown staircases are not long-lasting can be disrupted overshooting convection. In this paper we suggests planetary rotation could another factor for longevity gradients. Using rotational mixing-length theory 3D simulations, demonstrate significantly reduces both convective velocity particular, Jovian conditions at $t\sim10^{8}~\mathrm{yrs}$ after formation, 6, turn, kinetic energy flux available gets reduced $6^3\sim 200$. This leads to an entrainment timescale more than two orders magnitude longer without rotation. We encourage future models Jupiter other gas giants include rapid rotation, because decrease efficiency explain why Saturn fully mixed.